The 1994 HDPI included only rural areas (although 277 households in 19 villages had been re-classified as towns by the 2001 census). Sample sizes varied from 60 to 400 depending on the size of the state. A three-stage sample (districts, villages, households) was randomly drawn in each of these new states or territories (N=1080 households). IHDS was conducted in 10 states and union territories that were not part of the earlier HDPI survey. A sample of 20 households was selected from a village listing in each of the two new villages. Two new villages in each of the HDPI districts were randomly drawn with probability proportional to population size. To maintain a representative sample, an equal number of replacement households were drawn from those HDPI villages with missing records. Sufficient records were not always available from the original HDPI villages to re-locate those households for IHDS. New households were added in four distinct components: Replacement samples Split households that remained within the village were re-interviewed. Households were selected randomly within the stratified 1994 sampling design. The IHDS aimed to re-interview about half the rural households that had been in the earlier Human Development Profile of India, 1994-5 (HDPI) (N=33,230). The IHDS sample design combines two separate samples: a re-interview sample (N=13,900 households) of households first contacted in 1994-5 and a new sample (N=27,654 households). Of the total, 26,734 households reside in rural areas and 14,820 in towns and cities. The sample comprises 1504 villages and 970 urban neighborhoods in 383 (of the 602) districts in India. The sample encompassesĀ 33 states and union territoriesĀ (see below) of India with the exception of small populations living in the island states of Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep. The India Human Development Survey (2005) is a nationally representative survey of 41,554 households.